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Geographical Locations - Ukraine
 The WWW Virtual Library: Public Health
Categories
Country Information
- (Statistical) Number of Inhabitants per Doctor: 1,064
- CIA World Factbook : Ukraine
Organisations and Networks
UN and Multinational
Government
Non-Government
- Ukranian Medical Association in Lviv
- Youth Information Educational Centre - "assistance to the process of social reforms in Ukraine by improving ecological, sanitary, sports, cultural, educational, scientific, and charitable spheres of society"
Academic Institutions
National Policy and Related Documents
Reports, Guidelines, and Projects
- Cancer consequences of the Chernobyl accident: 20 years on
26 April 2006 marks the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl accident. On this occasion, the World Health Organization (WHO), within the UN Chernobyl Forum initiative, convened an Expert Group to evaluate the health impacts of Chernobyl. This paper summarises the findings relating to cancer. A dramatic increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer has been observed among those exposed to radioactive iodines in childhood and adolescence in the most contaminated territories. Iodine deficiency may have increased the risk of developing thyroid cancer following exposure to radioactive iodines, while prolonged stable iodine supplementation in the years after exposure may reduce this risk. Although increases in rates of other cancers have been reported, much of these increases appear to be due to other factors, including improvements in registration, reporting and diagnosis. Studies are few, however, and have methodological limitations. Further, because most radiation-related solid cancers continue to occur decades after exposure and because only 20 years have passed since the accident, it is too early to evaluate the full radiological impact of the accident. Apart from the large increase in thyroid cancer incidence in young people, there are at present no clearly demonstrated radiation-related increases in cancer risk. This should not, however, be interpreted to mean that no increase has in fact occurred: based on the experience of other populations exposed to ionising radiation, a small increase in the relative risk of cancer is expected, even at the low to moderate doses received. Although it is expected that epidemiological studies will have difficulty identifying such a risk, it may nevertheless translate into a substantial number of radiation-related cancer cases in the future, given the very large number of individuals exposed. [author abstract] [J. Radiol. Prot. 26 (2006): 127–140]
- Chernobyl Catastrophe Consequences on Human Health
This Greenpeace Report "...challenges the UN International Atomic Energy Agency Chernobyl Forum report, which predicted 4,000 additional deaths attributable to the accident as a gross simplification of the real breadth of human suffering. The new data, based on Belarus national cancer statistics, predicts approximately 270,000 cancers and 93,000 fatal cancer cases caused by Chernobyl. The report also concludes that on the basis of demographic data, during the last 15 years, 60,000 people have additionally died in Russia because of the Chernobyl accident, and estimates of the total death toll for the Ukraine and Belarus could reach another 140,000."
- Civil Society Perspectives on HIV/AIDS Policy in Nicaragua, Senegal, Ukraine, the United States, and Vietnam: overview
"National governments and international agencies attempting to address HIV/AIDS continue to exclude or ignore marginalized groups that are disproportionately affected by the epidemic. In countries ranging from the United States, with some of the world’s best medicine and health care technology, to Senegal, where more than 50 percent of the population lives below the poverty line, marginalized groups — injecting drug users, sex workers, men who have sex with men, prisoners, and ethnic minorities — are frequently excluded from the design, implementation, and evaluation of national HIV/AIDS policies and programs. The Open Society Institute’s Public Health Watch HIV/AIDS Monitoring Project has documented the varying degrees and different forms that stigma and discrimination against marginalized groups can take in five developed and developing countries: Nicaragua, Senegal, Ukraine, the United States, and Vietnam. The results of this research, which are highlighted in this overview and available in five separate country reports, have made it clear that national governments and international agencies must collaborate more effectively with these groups in order to hear their concerns and address their needs." [Public Health Watch, Open Society Institute, 2007]
- Health Effects of the Chernobyl Accident and Special Health Care Programmes
Some 5,000 people who were children and adolescents at the time of the world’s worst-ever civil nuclear accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine, have so far been diagnosed with thyroid cancer, and there may be up to 9,000 excess cancer deaths, according to this United Nations study examining the health impact of the disaster.
- Rhetoric and Risk: Human Rights Abuses Impeding Ukraine's Fight Against HIV/AIDs
This Human Rights Watch report, documents how draconian drug laws and routine police abuse of injection drug users – the population hardest hit by HIV/AIDS in Ukraine – keep them from receiving lifesaving HIV information and services that the government has pledged to provide.
- Ukraine: Improving Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and Public Health and Education Expenditure Policy: Selected Issues
“For the large amount of resources the budget spends on services such as health and education, Ukrainians do not obtain good value. The health sector outcomes2 are quite poor as shown by some indicators: while maternal and child mortality rates have improved in recent years, life expectancy remains below the pre-transition levels at 67.1 years, and male mortality (currently 61.7 years) has been worsening. At the same time, the incidence of illnesses such as tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS has been growing. On balance, most of the health indicators for Ukraine under-perform those for the new EU member countries. Similar data on education performance are not available, since it was only in 2007 that Ukraine started to take part in international comparable standardized tests of student performance. Nevertheless, there is indirect evidence of increasing dispersion in the quality of learning combined with shortages of skilled labor as reported by businesses. Moreover, Ukraine’s score is among the lowest of all transition economies when it comes to rating the quality of health and education services, as shown in the 2007 EBRD-World Bank Life in Transition Survey. In part, this is due to the acute inefficiency of service provision in these sectors, which generates under-spending on quality-enhancing expenditures and investments… Ukraine’s budget does not need to spend more in service provision, but needs to spend better (more efficiently). In this context, the government needs to improve resource allocation by strengthening its intergovernmental fiscal system and by creating sufficient fiscal savings within the current fiscal envelopes of the health and education sectors in order to re-allocate these savings towards quality-enhancing expenditures and investments within each sector… This [2008 World Bank] report focuses on raising selected issues in the following areas: (i) improving the intergovernmental fiscal framework; (ii) overcoming fiscal, efficiency, and equity challenges in public health care spending; (iii) overcoming fiscal, efficiency, and equity challenges in public education spending; and (iv) strengthening local capital budgeting.”
Educational Resources
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